In dimly lit environments, our eyes often have trouble capturing details and everything around us becomes blurry. When we are tired or under stress, our vision becomes even less reliable. So how does night vision technology help us see clearly in the dark?

Night Vision (NVS): What Is It?

Did you know that the human eye operates at three levels?
Daytime vision (photopic): In bright conditions, we rely mainly on cones to perceive colors and details.
Intermediate vision (mesopic): As light fades, rods come into play, which are more sensitive than cones but can only perceive black and white images.
Night vision (scotopic): In extremely low light conditions, rods become dominant. Humans have 92 million to 100 million rods, while cats have about 150 million, which is why cats can see more clearly in the dark. Rods transmit signals more slowly, so objects appear blurry. In addition, the pupil dilates to capture more light, but this is not enough for perfect night vision.

It is precisely because of the limitations of the human eye in the dark that humans began to explore night vision technology in the early twentieth century to meet the need for improved visibility in low-light conditions. Early night vision technology mainly relied on image intensification, which collected and amplified weak light to generate visible images. This technology laid the foundation for later night vision devices.

Technology For Night Vision (NVS)

The main function of night vision devices is to amplify the available light in the environment, allowing the user to see clearly in the dark. These devices can capture photons from the available light (even at very low levels) and amplify them to produce a visible image for the user.

Why Does Night Vision Use Infrared?

Some night vision devices also utilize infrared emitters to illuminate the environment. These emitters produce infrared light that is invisible to the human eye but can be detected by the night vision device's sensors. This produces a visible image even in complete darkness. Using infrared light in night vision allows objects to be seen in conditions where there is no visible light.

Why Are Night Vision Goggles Green?

Night vision goggles have a green hue because the light-enhancing tube converts photons into electrons and amplifies them before converting the electrons into visible light photons. Green light has high contrast and good detail perception in the dark, making it ideal for low-light environments.

What Applications Can Night Vision Be Used for?

Night vision technology was initially used in the military to help soldiers gain strategic advantages in night operations and enhance battlefield situational awareness and combat efficiency. From night vision goggles to thermal imaging sights, these devices allow soldiers to confidently complete reconnaissance, navigation and engagement tasks in the dark.

However, the application of night vision technology has long gone beyond the military field. Today, it is widely used in consumer electronics, such as automotive night vision systems and outdoor cameras. Automakers use night vision technology to improve driver visibility and safety, while outdoor sports enthusiasts use it to observe wildlife and conduct nighttime adventures.                                              

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